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Eco-innovation has emerged as a strategic mechanism for enhancing corporate sustainability, particularly in emerging African economies facing environmental and institutional pressures. Despite growing interest, empirical evidence explaining how eco-innovation translates into sustainable business performance remains limited. This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of eco-innovation on sustainable business performance, incorporating green competitive advantage as a mediating construct. Using survey data collected from 312 manufacturing and service firms across Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa, the study applies Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that product, process, and organizational eco-innovation significantly enhance green competitive advantage and sustainable business performance. Furthermore, green competitive advantage partially mediates the eco-innovationandndash;performance relationship. The findings contribute to eco-innovation literature in emerging economies and provide strategic implications for managers and policymakers.